There are several factors to consider when replacing a distribution substation. Establishing the electrical configuration, considering the process, determining equipment sizes and ratings, and deciding what options to include (and calculating their relative initial cost) are all part of creating the best design for a project. An electrical power loss or interruption during operating periods is not an acceptable option at most refining facilities, which makes it difficult to conduct electrical maintenance and tie-ins. Aspects such as safety, capacity, expandability, and cost must also be considered to ensure that the installed design offers real, long-term benefit and value to the organization.
Although the absolute minimum equipment sizes and ratings can always be determined, it is more valuable to find the best balance between preinvestment and costs. This article will describe some of the options and considerations that were evaluated at the distribution substation level for a large petroleum refinery and how those decisions led to a degree of standardization for the electrical configuration.
The focus of this article is on the distribution substation level. Design considerations, equipment and construction options, and a per-unit cost comparison will be discussed. Careful planning at this level in the system will help ensure that future expansions and investments will align with these upgrades. Any extra pre-investment money spent offers long-term benefits to safety, reliability, maintainability, and expandability.
The Master Plan
This facility’s master electrical plan (MEP) allowed its substation options to be evaluated. The MEP is a plantwide, comprehensive plan that guides the development of preliminary parameters, boundary conditions, and standardization concepts for electrical power upgrades throughout the facility. The MEP was developed by a diverse group of stakeholders, including engineers, technicians, maintenance and reliability personnel, and project managers.
Its primary purpose was to promote awareness of electrical infrastructure; evaluate how key decisions could promote real, long-term value; and provide the basis for future substation specification and design parameters.
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Replacing a Distribution Substation
